This paper was presented to the teacher of my daughter's class at Robinson Elementary in Wichita, Kansas, in 1992. The books used as reference were identified in the schools library, a requirement of the paper. The teacher submitted this paper to the Board of Education, it took almost three months before this paper was returned to my daughter. On a stick it note on the front of the paper with a grade of A- the comment from the teacher was: Mechell, I think you are right on target with this. Excellent Work!
Mechell Moore 7th Hour HonorsI. Scientific Identification of Plant
III. Last Days of Legal Cannabis
IV. Enviornmental Value
V. Economic Value
Hemp To Save The Planet
Hemp is a "Perennial, smooth herb with a strong, deep and branching taproot that enables it to endure a period of prolonged drought."\[1\] "Botanically, hemp is a member of the most advanced plant family on Earth. It is a dioecious woody, herbaceous annual that uses the sun more efficiently than virtually any other plant on our planet,reaching a robust 12 to 20 feet or more in one short growing season. It can be grown in virtually any climate or soil condition on Earth, marginal ones. Hemp is by far Earth's premier , renewable natural resource."\[2\] "If a farmer wanted soft linen-quality fibers he would harvest his cannabis at two or three months; twine or cordage at 3-4 months; and heavy canvas or rope at six months. The density of the also influences the quality of the fiber. As a rule of thumb, if you plant for medical or recreational use, you plant one seed per five square yards. When planted for seed; four toþ five feet apart. Two hundred seeds to the square yard areþ planted for rough cordage of coarse cloth. Finest linen or laceþ is grown 900 plants to the square yard."\[3\]\[ \] "Hemp is Important in history Cannabis hemp is, overall,þ the strongest most-durable, longest-lasting natural soft-fiber on the planet. Its leaves and flower tops (marijuana) were-depending on the culture- the first, second or third most important and most-used medicines for two-thirds of the worlds people for at least 3,000 years, until the turn of thisþ century."\[4\] "The weaving of hemp fiber as an industry began 10,000 years ago at approximately the same time as pottery making andþ prior to metal working."\[5\] "For more than 1,000 years before the time of Christþ until 1883 A.D., cannabis hemp - indeed, marijuana - was our planets largest agricultural crop and most important industry for thousands upon thousands of products and enterprises; producing the overall majority of earth's fiber, fabric, lighting oil, paper, incense, and medicines as well a primary source of protein for humans and animals alike."\[6\] "Ancient and modern historians, archaeologist, anthropologist, philologists and the physical evidence they cite (artifacts, relics, textiles, cuneiform, language,etc.) indicateþ that cannabis is one of mankinds oldest cultivated crops."\[7\]\[ \]\[ \] "In 1619, America's first marijuana law was enacted at Jamestown Colony, Virginia, ordering all farmers to "make tryal of" (grow) Indian hemp seed. More cultivation laws were enacted in Massachusetts in 1631, in Connecticut in 1632 and in the Cheapeake Colonies into mid-1700s. You could even be jailed in America for not growing cannabis during several periods of shortage e.g. in Virginia between 1763 and 1767."\[8\]\[ \] "George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew cannabis on their plantation. Jefferson, while envoy to France, went toþ great expense....to procure particularly good hemp seeds smuggled illegally into Turkey from China."\[9\]\[ \] "The first draft of the Declaration of Independence (Juneþ 28, 1776) was written on Dutch (hemp) paper, as was the second completed on July 2, 1776. This was the document actually agreed to on that day and announced and released on July 4,1776.....Onþ July 19,1776, Congress ordered the Declaration be copied and engrossed on parchment (animal skin), and this was the document actually signed by the delegates on Aug. 2, 1776."\[10\] "Rope, Twine, and cordage Thomas Paine outlined fourþ essential natural\[ \]resources for the new nation in \{Common\}\{ Sense\} (1776): "cordage, iron, timber and tar."\[11\] "Benjamin Franklin Started one of America's first paper mills with cannabis. This allowed America to have a free colonial press without having to beg or justify paper and books from England."\[12\]\[ \] "A cotton shirt in 1776 cost $100. to $200, while a hemp shirt cost $.50 to $1. By the 1830's lighter cotton shirts were on par in price with the warmer, heavier, hempen shirts, providing a competitive choice."\[13\]\[ \] "The covered wagons went west (to Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, Oregon, & California), covered with sturdy hemp canvas, tarpaulins; while ships sailed around the "Horn" to San Franciscoþ on hemp sails and ropes. Homespun cloth was almost, always spunþ from the "family" hemp patch until after the Civil War, and intoþ the early 1900's. By the late 1820's, the new American handþ cotton gins were largely replaced by European-made "industrial" looms and cotton gins of Europe's primary equipment-machinery-technology lead over America."\[14\]\[ \] "For the first time, light cotton clothing could be produced at less cost than hand retting and hand separating hempþ fibers to be handspun on spinning wheels and jennys."\[15\] "The United States Census of 1850 counted 8,327 hempþ "plantations" (minimum 2,000 acre farms) grow cannabis for cloth, canvas and even the cordage used for bailing cotton. Most plantations were in the South or in the border states, primarily of the cheap slave labor available prior to 1865 for theþ labor-intensive hemp industry."\[16\]\[ \] "This figure does not include the tens of thousands of smaller farms growing cannabis, nor the hundreds of thousands if not millions-of family patches in America, nor does it take into account that 80% of America's hemp consumption for 200 yearsþ still had to be imported from Russia, Hungry, Czechoslovia and Poland well into this century."\[17\]\[ \] "The primary reasons for the War of 1812 (that Americaþ fought with Great Britain) was access to Russian cannabis hemp.þ Russian hemp was also the principal reason that Napoleon (ourþ 1812 ally) and his "Continental Systems" allies invaded Russia in 1812."\[18\]\[ \] "In 1942, after the Japanese invasion of the Philippines cut off the supply of Manila hemp, the U.S. government distributed 400,000 pounds of cannabis seeds to American farmers from Wisconsin to Kentucky, who produced 42,000 tons of hemp, fiber annually for the war effort until 1946."\[19\]\[ \] "Hemp seed oil lit the lamps of Aladdin, Abraham the prophet, and Abraham Lincoln, and was the brightest lamp oil."\[20\]\[ \] "Hemp seed oil lamps were replaced by petroleum, kerosene, after the 1859 Pennsylvania oil discovery and Rockefeller's 1870 - on national petroleum stewardship."\[21\] "Hemp seed was - until the 1937 prohibition law - the world's number-one bird seed, for both wild and domestic birds. It was their favorite of any seed food on the planet; four million tons of hemp seed for songbirds were sold at retail in the U.S. in 1937. Birds will pick hemp seeds out and eat themþ first from a pile of mixed see. Birds in the wild live longer and breed more with hemp seed in their diet, using the oil for their feathers and their over all health."\[22\]\[ \] "Wealthy plantation owners Henry Peabody, & Charlesþ Harvey cultivated hemp in the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Central America, Gulf of Davao, Panama, Honduras, Guatemala."\[23\]\[ \] "For many years Henry Peabody, Charles Harvey, and the United Fruit Company tried to get coca to grow inside the United States."\[24\]\[ \] "Finally, he received from two American born planters - Henry Peabody and Charles Harvey - who owned large tracts of land along the Gulf of Davao, Recognizing the risks to their own personal fortunes, they also could recognize the greater risk that failure to co-operate might mean to a world grown dependent upon good cordage fiber. To do this required vision and courage of a truly high order."\[25\]\[ \] "When the verdict came that the rope produced tested evenþ some what better than that from the Philippine sources, all obstacles to large-scale American hemp production should haveþ disappeared. One big obstacle still remained. Labor costs intþ the America topics were higher than those in the Philippines and so American fiber would probably prove costlier, at the start at least."\[26\]\[ \] "In 1931 they send a commission to Central America to study the hemp situation. The report was favorable but, for want of funds to develop plantings, little was done about theþ situation for the next five years. In 1936 they managed to scrape together enough money to pay for starting one thousand new acres to purchase the needed stripping machinery."\[27\]\[ \] "After the 1937 Marijuana Tax Law, hemp was replaced mostly by new Dupont "plastic fibers" under license of 1936þ German I.G. Corporation patents with patent surrenders as part ofþ Germany's repartition payments to America from World War I.þ (Some 30% of Hitler's I.G. Corps, e.g., Ferben, were owned andþ financed by America's Dupont.) Hemp was also replaced by Nylon,þ (invented in 1935) when it was patented and brought to market byþ Dupont in 1938."\[28\]\[ \] "A series of secret meetings were held. In Dupont's 1937 Annual Report to its Stockholders, the company strongly urged action (investment) spite the economic chaos of the Great Depression. Dupont was anticipating "radical changes" from "the revenue raising power of government....converted into an instrument for forcing acceptance of sudden new ideas of industrial social reorganization."\[29\]\[ \] "Man-made fiber...the toxic alternative to natural fibers. Synthetic plastics find application in fabricating a wide variety of articles, many of which in the past were made from natural products," beamed Lammot Dupont (Popular Mechanics, June 1939, page 805.) "Consider our natural resources", the president of Dupont continued. "The chemist has aided in conserving natural resources by developing synthetic products toþ supplement or wholly replace natural products."\[30\] "Congress and the Treasury Department were assured through testimony given by Dupont in 1935-37 directly to Herman Oliphant, Chief Counsel for the Treasury Department, that hempþ seed oil could be replaced with synthetic petrochemical oils made principally by DuPont. Oliphant was solely responsible for drafting the Marijuana Tax Act that was submitted to Congress."\[31\]\[ \] "Henry Ford even grew marijuana on his estate after 1937, possibly to prove the cheapness of methanol production at Iron Mountain. He even made plastic cars with wheat, straw, hemp, andþ sisal. Meanwhile, Rudolph Diesel invented the diesel engine,þ which he intended to fuel "by a variety of fuels, especially vegetable and seed oils."\[32\]\[ \](See photograph appendix) "Economics: Energy Environment & Commerce: The early oil Barons (Rockefeller or Standard: Rothschild of Shell; ect), paranorically aware in the Twenties of the possibilities of Ford's Methanol scheme and its cheapness, dropped and kept oil prices incredibly low, between $1. to $4. per barrel for almost 50 years until 1970. So low in fact, that no other energy source could compete with them...then once they were sure of the lack of competition, the price jumped to almost $40. per barrel in theþ next 10 years."\[33\] "In America, marijuana's most outspoken opponent is none other than President George Bush, former Director of the CIA under Gerald Ford (1975-1977) and past director of President Reagans "Drug Task Force" (1981-1988). After leaving the CIA in 1977, Bush was made director of Eli Lilly by none other than Dan Quayle's father and family, who owned controlling interest in theþ Lilly company and the Indianapolis Star Dan Quayle later acted as go between for drug kingpins, gun runners, and government officials in the Iran-Contra Scandals." \[34\]\[ \] "The entire Bush family were large stockholders in Lilly, Abbott, Bristol, & Pfizer. After Bush's disclosure of assets in 1979, it became public that Bush's family still has a large interest in Pfizer and substantial amounts of stock in the otherþ aforementioned drug companies."\[35\] "In fact, Bush actively lobbied illegally both within andþ without the Administration as Vice President in 1981 to permitþ drug companies to dump more unwanted, obsolete or especially domestically-banned substances on unsuspecting Third Worldþ Countries."\[36\]\[ \] "While Vice President, Bush continued to illegally act on behalf of pharmaceutical companies by personally going to the IRS for special tax breaks for certain drug companies. (e.g. Lilly) manufacturing in Puerto Rico. In 1981, Vice President Bush was personally ordered to stop lobbying the IRS on behalf of the drugþ companies by the United States Supreme Court itself."\[37\]\[ \] "He did - but they (the pharmaceuticals) still received a 23% additional tax break for their companies in Puerto Rico who make these American outlawed drugs for sale to Third World Countries."\[38\] "(Financial disclosure statements; Bush 1979 tax report; "Bush tried to sway a tax rule change but then withdrew". NY Times May 19, 1982; misc. corporate records; Christic Institute "La Penca" Affidavit; Lilly 1979 Annual Report.)"\[39\] "Colombia's largest newspaper, \{Periodicalel\}\{ Tiempo\}, Bogota, reported in 1983 - and was not disputed by the U. S. Government, or American pharmaceutical companies - that these same anti-marijuana crusading American Pharmaceutical companiesþ are guilty of a practice know as product dumping, where in they "sell on the over-the-counter markets of Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Chile, Salvador, Honduras, & Nicaragua, over 150 different illegal, dangerous drugs. Some of these drugs have been forbidden by the FDA for sale or use in the U.S. or its counterparts in Europe because they are known to cause malnutrition, deformities and cancer. Yet they are sold over-the-counter to unsuspecting illiterates! The World Healthþ Organization backs up this story with a conservative estimate.þ They say that some 500,000 people are poisoned each year in Third World Countries by items (drugs, pesticides, etc.) sold by American companies but which banned from sale in the U.S."\[40\]\[ \] "All of these products, now imported, can be produced from home-grown hemp. Fish nets, bow strings, canvas, strong rope, over alls, damask tablecloths, fine linen garments, towels,bet linen, thousands of other everyday items can be grown on American farms. Our imports of foreign fabrics and fibers average about $200,000,000 per acre; in raw fibers alone we imported over $50,000,000 in the first six months of 1937. All of this income can be made available for Americans. The paper industry offers even greater possibilities. An industry it amounts to over $l,000,000,000 a year, and of that eighty percent is imported. But hemp will produce every grade of paper, andþ government figures estimate that 10,000 acres devoted to hemp will produce as much paper as 40,000 acres of average pulp land."\[41\] "The plant has been cultivated from ancient times for the long and strong bast fibers in its bark, used in making thread, twine, cordage, and rope, as well as fabrics and bags; also theþ narcotic secretions of its leaves, flowers, and fruits, have from time immemorial been employed as medicines."\[42\] "Cannabis indicia (Lindicus, 'of India') is this sameþ species growing tropical climate, under which while the narcotic secretions become more potent."\[43\] "Against the evil effect of smoking the leaves, flowers, and fruits of marijuana, Kansas put up its guard when Legislatureþ of 1935 enacted a law prohibiting possession, sale, and use in the state, excepting by pharmacists, physicians, and surgeons licensed by the State, or under their prescription."\[44\]\[ \] Hemp was such a vital agricultural crop for the economy of Kansas, that when the Capitol building in Topeka was built, they encrusted all of the murals painted on the dome with hemp leaves. "The U.S. Dispensary recognizes the plant as a diuretic and heart stimulant, valuable in cases of cardiac dropsy and chronic Bright's disease; and our uses of the native vegetation,þ found the fibers in the bard superior for making thread, chord, fishing-nets, and woven-ware."\[45\]\[ \] "Although the hemp is used medicinally...there is no record of serious poisoning of livestock under natural conditions, its bitter, milky, rubber-bearing secretion, which exudes when the plant is cut or broken, makes it extremely unpalatable."\[46\]\[ \] "Origins of Cultivated Hemp: North and South America,þ Europe, Northern Asiz, Eastern Africa, Australia, and the Pacificþ Islands."\[47\]\[ \] "Paper making depends to a large extent on the availability of wood pulp from conifers, particularly spruce and fir. Paper with a high "rag content" is more permanent and expensive, and is made largely of hemp, cotton and other fibers of con-coniferous plants which lack some of the resins and chemical substances found in conifers that darken paper andþ induce brittleness. The extent to which hemp is made into liner, and cotton fibers into cloths, is hard to realize."\[48\] The whole world is in danger of losing this centuriesþ archives because they are printed on wood paper. The same isþ true of the painted art, for the chemicals are bleeding through and destroying the works. "Hemp is the perfect Archival medium. The paintings of Rembrandt, Van Gogh, Gainsborough, were primarily painted on hemp canvas as were practically all canvas paintings. A strong, lustrous fiber, hemp withstands heat, mildew, insects, and is not damaged by light. Oil paintings on hemp canvas have stayed in fine condition for centuries."\[49\] "From 75-90% of all paper in this world was made withþ cannabis hemp fiber until 1883; books, bibles, maps, paper, money, stocks and bonds, newspapers. The first draft of theþ Declaration of Independence (June 28, 1776) was written on Dutch Hemp Paper, as was the second draft completed on July 2, 1776. Hemp fiber or rag paper can be torn when wet but returns to its full strength when dry. Rag paper is stable for centuries, barring extreme conditions. It almost never wears out."\[50\]\[ \] "One acre of hemp produces as much cellulose fiber pulp as 4.1 acres of trees, hemp is the perfect material to replace trees for pressed board, particle board and for concrete construction molds."\[51\]\[ \] "Practical, inexpensive construction material which is fire resistant, with excellent thermal and sound insulating qualities, can be made using a process called Environcore."\[52\] "It is generally believed that all lines is produced from flax. Actually, the majority comes from hemp-authorities estimate that more than half of our imported linen fabrics are manufactured from hemp fiber. Another misconception is thatþ burlap is made from hemp. Actually its source is usually jute, and practically all the burlap we use is woven by laborers in India who receive only four cents a day."\[53\]\[ \] "Hemp has been used throughout history for carpetþ backing. Hemp fiber has potential in the manufacture of strong,þ rot resistant carpeting-eliminating the poisonous fumes of burning synthetic materials in a house or commercial fire, along with allergic reactions associated with new synthetic carpeting."\[54\]\[ \] "What we and the rest of the world used to make all our paper from was the discarded sails and ropes sold by ship owners as scrap for recycling into paper. The rest of our paper came from our worn-out clothes, sheets, diapers, curtains, and rags sold to scrap dealers made primarily from hemp and sometimes flax."\[55\]\[ \] "For many years, virtually all good paints and varnishesþ were made with hempseed oil, and or, linseed oil. For instance, in 1935 alone, 116 million pounds of hemp seed were used in America just for paint and varnish. The hemp dying oil business went principally to DuPont-chemicals."\[56\] "One acre of hemp produces as much cellulose fiber pulp as 4.1 acres of trees. Hemp is the perfect material to replace trees for the pressed board, particle board, and for concrete construction molds."\[57\] "Hemp being from two or three times as strong as any of the hard fibers, much less weight is required to give the same yardage for instance, sisal binder twine of 40 lb. tensile strength runs 450 ft. to the lb. A better twine made of hemp would run 1280 ft. to the lb. Hemp is not subject to as many kinds of deterioration as are the tropical fibers, and none of them lasts as long in either fresh or salt water."\[58\]\[ \] "Recent floods and dust storms have given warnings against the destruction of timber. Possibly, the hitherto waste products of flax and hemp may yet meet a good part of that need, especially in the plastic field which is growing by leaps and bounds."\[59\]\[ \] "Abraham Lincoln said "Prohibition...goes beyond theþ bounds of reasoning in that it attempts to control a man's appetite by legislation and makes a crime out of things that are not crimes....A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principles upon which our government was founded."\[60\]\[
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60. "Lincoln, Abraham," \{Collier's\}\{ Merit\}\{ Student\}\{ Encyclopedia,\} 1979, XIII, 78-56516.þ
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