VOLUME III INDUSTRIAL HEMP

Potential New Crop: Kenaf, Commercial Fiber & Pulp Source January 1979 - June 1992 Quick Bibliography Sdries: QB 92-54 Updates QB 90-33 241 citations from AGRICOLA Jerry Rafats, Reference and User Services Branch National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705 2351 July 1992 Page 5 of directory listed as item # 33 NAL call No: aHD1751.A42 Congress plans for "industrial" crops Descriptors: USA; Soybeans, Kenaf; Parthenium argentatum; Oilseeds; Commercial farming; Industrial crops; Agricultural research; Program development; USDA; Legislation Page 6 of directory listed as item # 41 NAL Call No: S22, C6 no. 102 Development of new crops: needs, procedures, strategies, and options Descriptors: Oilseed plants; soybean; sunflowers; Rape (plant); Mustard; Kenaf; Guayule item # 46 NAL Call No: SB160.N38 1988 Economics of kenaf production in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas page 7 item # 51 NAL Call No: 19 AC8 Effect of inbreeding on some major characteristics of Hemp page 11 item # 81 NAL Call No: SB 160.N38 1988 Fuel production potential of several agricultural crops Deciptors: Ipomoea batatas; Helianthus tuberosus; Sorghum bicolor; Solanum tuberosum; Beta vulgaris; Helianthus annuus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Glycine max; Sesamum indicum; Carthamus tinctorius; Cynodon dactylon;' Hibiscus cannabinus; Zea mays; Festuca arundinacea; wood chips; fuel crops; biomass; energy value; crop yield; alcohol's item # 94 NAL Call No: HD1417.F64no.77 Impact on changing technological and economic factors on markets for natural industrial fibres case studies on jute, kenaf, sisal and abaca. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 1989 74 p: ill. ; 30 cm. (FAO economic and social development paper; 77 Descriptors covers all the different hemps, does not mention cannabis sativa item # 151 NALCal No: aHD 1401.A2U52 New crops, and old, offer alternative opportunities Buckley, K.C.; Dicks, M.R.; Washington, D.C.: The Service 1990 - 1991. Farmline - US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service V. 12 (1): Descriptors: USA; oilseeds; jobaba; Lesquerella; Kenaf; Parthenium agentatum; soybeans; industrial crops; agricultural development Item # 178 NAL Call No: 281.9 IO 93 The potential impacts of large-scale biomass production on US agriculture 1985 May: The Center, Ames, Iowa: CARD report - Iowa State University, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (130): 100 p maps; 1985 May. Includes 27 references: Descriptors: USA; Biomass; Energy resources; Economic impact; land use; crop production; Models; herbage; kenaf item # 185 NAL Call No: 1 Ag 84 Te no.1215 Preservation of hemp and kenaf seed (Kenaf seed.) 16 p.; 23 cm. (Technical bulletin \ United States Department of Agriculture; no. 1215). Caption title. Includes bibliographical references. Descriptors: Hemp; Preservation; Kenaf; Preservation Author Index page 31 to 34 Subject Index page 35 to 38

430:htm - Scientific America Magazine - December 1990 - Page 23 - sa_12_90 - Going to Pot - A grassroots movement touts hemp’s environmental virtues - Worried about global warming? The depletion of forests? U.S. dependence on foreign oil? World hunger? How about the cost of bailing out savings and loan banks? A small but vocal group of Americans is promoting a simple solution to these problems; hemp, also known as Cannabis Sativa, or marijuana. - Pot enthusiasts have lobbied for the drug’s legalization for decades - in vain. But recently they have put an environmental spin on their pitch. They claim that the fast-growing, hardy weed can yield more [

NEW CROPS Edited by Jules Janick and James E. Simon Purdue University 1993 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York\Chinchester\Brisbane\Toronto\Singapore page 402 Kenaf: an Emerging New Crop Industry by Charles S. Taylor, Kenaf International THE KENAF HALL OF FAME Before 1977 403 After 1977 page 406 Kenaf Commercialization Activities 407 References Response of Kenaf to Multiple Cutting by Frank E. Robinson Methodology 408 Table 1: Total kenaf dry matter yields with either one harvest on Oct. 24, total of two harvests on July 2 and Nov 9, or total of three harvests on July 2, Sept 10, and Nov 7. Result Discussion References 409 Kenaf in Irrigated Central Washington: by David W. Evans and An H. Hang Materials & Methods Results Discussion 410 Table 1: Monthly mean degree (oC; 10oC base) at Prosser, Washington Table 2 Kenaf stand and dry matter yield at Prosser, Washington References 411 Utilization of Methanol Stress for Evaluating Kenaf Quality by Charles G. Cook and Andrew W. Scott, Jr. Methodology Results Discussion References 413 The Effects of Metolachlor and Trifluralin on Kenaf Yield Components by Charles L. Webber III Materials & Methods 414 Results Plant Injury and Weed Control 415 Plant Populations Plant Heights Stalk Yields Conclusions 416 References Kenaf: Production, Harvesting, Processing, and Products by Charles L. Webber III and Robert E. Bledsoe Ladonia Market Center: Demonstration Projects 417 Production Harvesting Processing and Product Development 418 Forage Evaluation Materials & Methods Results & Discussion 420 Summary References

Pulp & Paper Manufacture Third Edition Volume 3 Secondary Fibers and Non-Wood Pulping The Joint Textbook Committee of the Paper Industry Copyright 1987 Contents: 3 pages page 1 "The first true paper is credited to Tsai Lun in 105 AD in China, and he apparently made it from textile wastes, old rags, and used fish nets, i.e. the fibers of true hemp (Cannabis sativa) and China grass (ramie.) page 2 In regions where paper mulberry, bamboo and China grass where not available, they were replaced as raw materials by linen and cotton rags. page 2 refers to hemp as straw pulp page 3 C. Non-wood crops grown primarily for their fiber content: (a) Bas: (stem) fibers e.g. Jute, Ramie, Crota aria (sunn hemp) Hemp, Kenaf, Flax tow, Old rope or rags made from these fibers. page 4 Worldwide Non-wood plant pulping capacities: The highest ratios of non-wood plant pulping capacity to total papermaking pulp capacity are found in the developing market economies of Asia, Africa, and Latrin America, and the centrally-planned economies of Asia (principally the People's Republic of China). Some of these regions have more non-wood plant pulping capacity than wood pulping capacity: indeed. China has twice as much. Further, total non-wood plant pulping capacity worldwide is increasing faster than wood pulping capacity. page 5 has charts that show the 11.7 million metric tons of non-wood paper pulp produced by other countries. page 6 has 1981 total of 11,736,000 metric tons - 1986 total of 13,059,000 metric tons page 7 Table 6 shows the total production of various non-wood plant fiber pulps in 1982 at 1,420,000 air-dry metric tons of hemp page 8 The major papermaking countries in this sector are China, India, & Taiwan page 10 Figure 3: Laboratory beating - strength tests on chemical pulp from various wood and non-wood plant fibers: Curve A: Abaca (bast fiber) unbleached sulfate pulp - [the very best] page 11 Table 10: Fiber dimensions of non-wood plant fiber pulps Hemp Average length. mm 20. Average diameter microns 22 page 16 Figure 6 Fibers from some non- wood crops grown primarily for their fiber content. (d) manila hemp(abaca) - (e) Sunn hemp (crotalaria) page 18 Some uses of non-wood plant fibers for papermaking Abaca (signifies that the limits of usage are economic, not technical: Use, by type of paper or paperboard: Superfine, lightweight, bond, ledger, currency and security, tea bags, filter - 10 to 80% of fiber non wovens 10 to 50 % of fiber - linerboard, wrapping and bag - 10 to 30% of fiber page 19 Table 13 lists Hemp, true: Use, by type of paper or paperboard: Cigarette paper 50 to 100%, Lightweight printing and writing 20 - 80%, Condenser 20 to 60%, Currency & Security 60 to 80% page 118 Hemp 1. Manila Hemp: 2. Common Hemp: Hemp. Cannabis sativa, is an annual herbaceous plant, some varieties of which are monoecious. In the dioecious plants, the best grade of fiber is obtained from the male because lignification is less rapid than in the female plant. ...There is considerable reservation regarding the potential for hemp to be grown specifically as a pulping crop in the US because of the narcotic factor in some varieties. Tells how to make paper from hemp pulp through page 119 the rest of this report tells everything about making paper.

News Release February 18, 1993 The restriction on growing hemp is to be lifted to give UK farmers a share of the market currently occupied by other EC countries.

Making Paper Without Trees by Ed Ayres World Watch page 5 September October 1993 Hemp, which is illegal in the US but is grown commercially in many countries, is similarly productive page 6 In China, plant fibers - mainly grain straws, hemp, bagasse, and bamboo - last year accounted for over 80 percent of all paper pulp Fiber crops like kenaf, hemp, and sisal are nitrogen-fixers, valuable for crop rotation as well as for their pulp. Hemp is also valued for crop rotation in some regions because it suppresses weeds, reducing the need for chemical herbicides. Kenaf and hemp are notable for their natural whitness, producing pulps that require less chlorine bleach than wood to produce an equivalent paper. They share with wheat and rice straws the virtue of requiring less energy to process page 7 long-fibered crops like hemp and kenaf can provide needed reinforcement to the chopped-up fibers of recycled paper, precluding the need for virgin wood. Hemp: More than 330,000 hectares of hemp are being grown legally in the Northern Hemisphere, for paper and other products - primarily in the former Soviet states, Eastern Europe, France, and China. Brazil has produced sunn hemp for paper since the 1960's. Hemp uses much less energy than wood, serves as a natural herbicide, and is used to restore nitrogen to soil in crop rotation. NOT YET FOSSIL FUEL by Nancy Chege page 8 Among environmentalists, the perception became widespread that village cooking fires were consuming the globe's forests. Biomass, including wood, other plant matter, and animal wastes, provides 14 percent of the world's primary energy. It is the principal fuel of at least 2 billion people, a majority of them in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent. In countries such as Ethiopia and Nepal, biomass provides 90 percent of the total energy consumed. An estimated 80 percent of the biomass energy is used in homes for cooking and heating. page 9 that by the year 2000, there will be a total of 28 cities with population over 10 million, of which 22 will be in the Third World. talks about women and children that die due to smoke inhalation due to inefficient burners in Third World countries. page 9 "Between 40 and 60 percent of all toxic chemical pollution relates to the photographic process, according to a study by the US Environmental Protection Agency

CURRENTS November\December 1993 Page 22 Tree Free by 2003? Entrepreneurs are Hot on the Kenaf Paper Trail "It runs real well through high speed copiers." he says - unlike a hemp\straw paper that didn't hold up for double sided copies."

WHOLE EARTH REVIEW Fall 1993 Church of the Living Tree, P. O. Box 64, Leggett, CA 95585 page 45 There are many alternative sources of cellulose for paper pulp: kenaf, hemp, abaca, wheat straw, rice straw, bagasse, tobacco stalks, and seaweed [whole article is very good about hemp - comparison to kenaf] Yes. Hemp is an ideal rotation crop. There's been a lot of contemporary scientific investigation of hemp in Holland and in the Ukraine. In Holland they were searching for a rotation crop for peas and potatoes. Hemp seems to do what's needed; I don't know if it adds nitrogen, or just loosens the soil. I know it suppresses weeds. page 47 Hemp bast is really strong, and very soft. it's got a feeling of quality; kenaf falls short by comparison. But actually, a hemp\kenaf blend is a better paper than pure hemp. The hemp is too strong; it's like a wine that's so rich and fruilty that by itself it almost tastes bitter, but when you blend it with some milder wines you get a better product. [goes on telling he is requesting a license from the DEA, continues to read as a must for legalization]

PHILADELEPHIA CITY PAPER April 8 - April 16, 1993 Politics Page 8 Rethinking Hemp: Hemp activists are trying a media stunt to punch for legalizing a form of hemp (a.k.a. marijuana) that will do many things, except get you high. PAGE 9 Allen St. Pierre said: "under the Carter Administration marijuana was still illegal, it was decriminalized. But with the Reagan era and the political hype surrounding the "war on drugs," marijuana - and thus the hemp plant from which it comes - was re-vilified. The Reagan and Bush administrations used marijuana as a decoy in their drug war in an effort to show the voting public that they were cracking down on drugs. But those claims are misleading. For example, while last year US drug agents eradicated 140 million marijuana plants, 138 million of those plants were wild hemp with little or no drug potential."

PHILADELPHIA DAILY NEWS Monday April 26, 1993 BLUNT QUESTION: IS MARIJUANA STILL HOT? page 48 Talks about popularity of hemp products, the popular marijuana & hemp music page 49 Medicating with Marijuana by Mary Flannery Pennsylvania Medical Center Marinol vs Marijuana says older people are particularly sensitive to these effects and often may have the feeling of dysphoria or a "bad trip", Some users say taking THC orally doesn't work as well as smoking it. One reason may be that the inhaled form has a more predictable absorption rate from the lungs. Marinol ranges from approximately $3 to $11. per pill wholesale, depending on its strength.

UPDATE Hemp in France June 1994 has copy of drug laws in Europe French lawyer Francis K. Caballero, a professor of law in Paris, he holds a master's degree in law from Harvard University and is a member of the International Anti-Prohibitionists League Proposes new law talks about legalization in France, and their activism in France

US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Cooperative State Research Service New Industrial Uses, New Markets for US Crops: August 1993 Forward: Agriculture at the Crossroads The need for change is a call for action. Agriculture today is yet again at a crossroads which will redefine our stewardship of the land and direct the uses of the products of the land to further the development of our communities and Nation. As the seal for the Department of Agriculture states, "Agriculture is the foundation of manufacture and commerce" and our rural communities are the pulse of that foundation. We must turn to farmers and scientists, entrepreneurs and politicians, teachers and media, and all levels of government to share in strengthening our mission, achieving real changes, and improving quality of life. Agriculture's role in manufacture and commerce is manifest in many ways...the foods we eat, the building materials we use, the clothes we wear. That role is strengthened whenever agricultural plant and animal commodities and products reach the shelves of our domestic markets and find their way into the shopping baskets of people of other nations. We must always be seeking to discover, develop, and promote products and technologies which have their origin in a plant or animal material. The bottom line is jobs for our people, markets and value for our endeavors, and health for our economy and Nation. page 2 Transforming the Vision Into Reality: How To Make It Happen by Sam Brownback, Kansas Secretary of Agriculture After consensus, if one is reached, the next step is to focus our research efforts increasingly on the area of nonfood uses of agricultural commodities. If it is concluded that this represents a key opportunity for the future, then it must be funded accordingly. We must recruit the scientists and seed the research dollars to focus our human capital and financial resources on this area of growth and opportunity. this must not be limited to agriculture. Other industries, chemical companies, consumer product companies, pharmaceutical companies, and energy companies must also become involved. ...Possibilities are being pursued, such as corn with a high starch content specifically for ethanol production and high-erucic-acid oilseeds. Researchers have already genetically engineered a rapeseed plant to cause it to produce polyments usable as degradable plastic - a real "plastic" paint. page 3 This country produces wheat far in excess of its food needs, and we still idled 26 million acres of wheat land in 1991. In the international market, the US percentage of the world's wheat trade has dropped 16.5 % since 1975 We once commanded 48% of the world market in wheat., we fulfill less than one-third of the world demand for wheat. The use of corn to make ethanol alone has added 19.25 cents per bushel to the price of US corn. 4. Commercialize research efforts rapidly through "product consortia" consisting of business, university, and government organizations highly focused on getting a particularly bio-based product on the market. With this type of intense, persistent focus, we can make it happen. We can expand the mission of US agriculture from food and fiber to food and fuel, pharmaceuticals, and feedstocks. We can create additional economic opportunities for rural areas in processing bio-based products. We can contribute to a better environment. We can reduce our balance of trade deficit by substituting renewable, US produced agricultural commodities for imported petroleum. Ultimately, we can secure a brighter future for our children as well as ourselves. page 76 by Alan T. Tracy, Wisconsin Secretary of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection page 75 "Back in the mid - 1920's - 65 years ago that seem like yesterday - I heard a speech by a prominent grain exporter. He was pessimistic about the farm outlook. 'Unfortunately," he said, 'the human stomach is not elastic.' Then, as now, farmers were thought to be mainly producers of food and fiber. "It seemed appropriate for me to ask whether farmers might sell materials that industry might use. a decade later, I chaired the first national conference on industrial uses for agricultural commodities in Dearborn, Michigan, at the invitation of Henry Ford. There his process officially began." Wheeler McMiller, Chairman: 1st National Conference on Industrial Uses; and Speaker, 1990 Commercializing Industrial Uses for Agricultural Commodities. Currently, 60 million acres of US farmland lie idle, with estimates of 125 million acres lying idle and available for alternative uses within the next 25 years (New Farm and Forest Products Task Force Report, 1987) page 77 Imports of agricultural products now total over $21 billion. In addition, the environment needs new uses as much as agriculture does. In meeting growth demands for energy, transportation, industry, and daily ,living needs, our traditional resources are proving finite. The day of limited coal, petroleum, and many other high-demand inputs is fast approaching. Agricultural products fit strategically into filling the void, having a softer impact on the Earth. Agricultural products can be biodegradable. In the case of fuel, "biofuels" offer cleaner burning alternatives to petroleum. As an added bonus, agricultural products are renewable. And biotechnology in agriculture allows us to custom grow crops specialized for the manufacture of specific end-use products. There are also the questions of making new crops available, the physical resources they require, finding and training producers willing to grow them, and identifying companies willing to assume the risk of an innovative product. Then page 78 come the tasks of educating consumers about the value of such products, marketing the products for purchase, and developing the channels necessary to move the product from the farm to the consumer. In 1990, a national New Uses Council was formed to promote commercial development of industrial products made from renewable resources. 1991 US Congress allocated money for the Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Act (AARC) Projects in economically distressed rural areas have special priority. Hopefully, these actions will provide the first crucial link in new uses development. page 79 These are renewable agricultural products that can help provide renewed prosperity to farmers, alternative employment in rural communities, and unlimited resources to industry. In addition, there is potential for improved economic strength with less import dependence, reduced government intervention in agriculture, a cleaner environment, and a sustainable planet. Welcome to the concept of New Uses. May your investigation into their possibilities lead to new insights, products, and profitability. Finally, Wheeler McMillen and Henry Ford's dream can come true. But let's not wait another 60 years. . . the opportunity is now!

USDA Economic Research Service June 1993 Industrial Uses of Agricultural Materials Situation and Outlook page 9 Based on this study, the program is evaluating opportunities to use biomass to produce succinic acid and butanol. More generally, the program is looking at the use of clean fractionation to convert lignocellulosic biomass into cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as future chemical building blocks. The program will form partnerships with industry to develop and commercialize these uses of agricultural and forestry materials. Among the nonprofit groups working to develop industrial uses of agricultural materials in the New Uses Council. Incorporated in Kansas, its mission is to seek commercial development of new nonfood, nonfeed products made from renewable farm-based commodities through education, advocacy, information, dissemination, and public-and private-sector partnerships. page 11 Textiles, Metal Fabricating Show Strongest Potentials: Although some industrial uses of agricultural products depend more on the general economy - for example, using various plant extracts and oils as lubricants or using ethanol or biodiesel as a fuel - others are tied more closely to specific industries - such as fibers, inks, and paper. Textile output is one barometer of the likely demand for kenaf, jute, hemp, sisal, and milkweed fibers. Continued relatively low long-term interest rates should prove beneficial for further growth in the housing market, which will boost the demand for lumber and related forestry products. US imports about 45 % of its petroleum page 12 The EIA estimates a current global excess capacity in crude oil production of 1 million barrels per day. Starches & Sugars: Fuel Ethanol Use to Accelerate: Corn: Has all the government subsidies listed.

In 1991, Mobil Oil began marketing a biodegradable, nontoxic, antiwear hydraulic fluid. Mobil projects that the US market for biodegradable lubricants could exceed 20 million pounds per year by 1995. Work continues on additional uses for rapeseed and crambe oils and their derivatives. USDA s Cooperative State Research Service leads the High Erucic Acid development Effort (HEADE, consisting of these state organizations, Kansas Board of Agriculture, Kansas State University

Cosmos Carl Sagan Random House New York This process is called artificial selection....But humans have deliberately selected which plants and animals shall live and which shall die for thousands of years. We are surrounded from babyhood by familiar farm and domestic animals, fruits, and trees and vegetables. Humans for what ever reason, encourage the reproduction of some varieties and discourage the reproduction of others. In less than ten thousand years, domestication has increased the weight of wool grown by sheep from less than one kilogram of rough hairs to ten or twenty kilograms of uniform, fine down; or the volume of milk given by cattle during a lactation period from a few hundred to a million cubic centimeters.

Tappi Journal June 1994 Optimization of process variables for production of dissolving pulps from wheat straw and hemp by Laith A. Abdul-Karim, Attila Rab, Eva Polyanszky, and Istvan Rusznak Abdul- Karim, research scientists, Rah, head of the Fibre Technology Dept., and Polyanszky, managing director, are affiliated with the Paper Research Institute Ltd., Duna U57, PF 86, Budapest, H-1215, Hungary, Rusznak is a professor in the Dept of Organic Chemical Technology, Technical University, Budapest Volume 77, No. 6 The objective of the present work was to establish the optimum pulping and bleaching conditions for producing dissolving pulp from Hungarian wheat straw and hemp. page 141 through 150 tells about all the tests, and how well cannabis sativa hemp , which is the same as the Hungarian hemp species. They analyzed the chemical composition of bast fibers and woody elements and found that woody elements contain less (approximately by 80%) cellulose and about 2.5 times more (34.6%) hemicellulose than bast fibers. page 149 Conclusions: Optimized pulping conditions: A central compositecotatable experimental design was used to establish the optimum pulping and bleaching condition for producing dissolving pulp from Hungarian wheat straw and hemp. This indicated that wheat straw and hemp are adequate raw materials for production of cellulose derivatives. Bleached pulp yield. Bleached pulp yield of hemp greatly exceeded that of wheat straw. page 150 The hemp pulp, which is initially more depolymerized than the wheat straw pulp, appears to be stable to further alkaline depolymerization over the range of alkali charge applied in this study 10-18%. Literature cited

Whatever Happened to Hemp Vegetarian Times August 1994 page 70 by Max Friedman Hemp is good in building, too. Researchers at the Wood Materials and Engineering Lab at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington have used the plant to develop medium- density fiberboard that is stronger than wood. Hemp fibers are also unusually well-suited to fabric and cordage production. In recent stress tests by Patagonia, a clothing manufacturer, material made from hemp had eight times the tensil strength and four times more durability than comparable cotton fabric. And the hemp seed - used whole or ground like flour - is second only to soybeans in protein content and is high in essential fatty acids. The Walt Disney Co. contracted the Hempstead Co. to produce its line of clothing modeled after that worn by its Indiana Jones character because the material is the most authentic reproduction of the hempen clothing explorers wore in the 1930's

Sea Water Farming Salicornia - From India, August 1996

HEMP "EATS" CHERNOBYL WASTE, OFFERS HOPE FOR HANFORD

Jan 6, 1998 - Reply to Proposal for Canadian Industrial Hemp Regulations - Submitted to Jean Peart, Manager, Hemp Project, Health Canada by the International Hemp Association - According to the "Proposed Industrial Hemp Regulations", industrial hemp will still be regulated in a drug control framework, rather than an agricultural crop.

Canada: Justice Minister Calls For National Debate On Medical Marijuana - 21 Nov. 1997 And Reform MP Jim Hart has introduced a motion in the Commons to debate the decriminalization of marijuana "for health purposes, explicitly for the purpose of providing pain relief for the terminally ill."

14 Nov 97 Section: news, page 12 - U.S. URGED TO PROMOTE FUELS MADE FROM CROPS - The United States should promote alternative fuels made from crops such as switchgrass and sugar cane to reduce dependence on oil from the unstable Middle East,former CIA chief R.James Woolsey told Congress on Thursday. -

SIX NATIONS INDUSTRIAL HEMP SEMINAR - The purpose of this seminar is to increase awareness of the Six Nations community of emerging market opportunities for the many uses and applications of Industrial Hemp. 1-9-98 - Canada

Genetically Engineered Food: Manipulating seed banks. Playing God In The Garden October 1998, New York Times - Excellent article.

Industrial Enzymes from G/E crops trigger allergies and asthma.

April LEGALIZE HEMP - "Demanding Reduction in the Wood and Paper Markets," a crucial element of a comprehensive forest-protection strategy must be reducing the demand for wood products. That means less use of wood, The immediate reaction of the DEA and the White House's Office of National Drug Control Policy was negative. The DEA and the White House should rethink their policy before taking furrther action. - The drug agencies' current opposition to hemp legalization is based on a groundless concern that legalizing hemp will make it harder to enforce legal prescriptions against using or growing industrial hemp's cousin, marijuana.

HEMP CONTRACTS IN THE MAIL, COMPANY SAYS - Apr. 23/98 - Manitoba Co-operator Ron Friesen - According to the article, about 40 Manitoba farmers last week received contracts in the mail to grow the province's first hemp crop in 70 years. Executive vice-president Bruce Froebe said that Consolidated Growers and Processors (CGP) Canada Limited plans to grow nearly 1,000 acres of hemp in Manitoba this year for seed and fibre. He said the company is contracting for roughly 500 acres in the Portage la Prairie-Winnipeg region, and another 500 acres in the Dauphin district.

3 Jul 1998 Source: Mail and Guardian (South Africa) - Such conservative South African companies as Mercedes Benz and PG Bison are funding research - AJOR South African companies, in conjunction with the government, are funding research into hemp production at the country's first experimental cannabis farms. Among them are Mercedes Benz South Africa, PG Bison and Masonite Africa

Sat, 29 Aug 1998 Source: Financial Post Contact: BRINGING IN THE HEMP - First there was hemp, hope and hype -- now comes the harvest.Canada's first legal reaping of non-hallucinogenic cannabis in 60 years is just underway and will continue through September.

CGP MAKING THE MARKET IN HEMP - CGP SEALS US$10 MILLION INDUSTRIAL HEMP CONTRACT WITH MAJOR EUROPEAN INSULATION MANUFACTURER - October 28, l998 -- Consolidated Growers & Processors, Inc. [NASDBB: CGPR], through its wholly owned subsidiary CGP Europe, AG, today announced a US$ 10 million three year agreement with ALCOPOR (ALCN),

Hemp, which currently cannot be cultivated in the United States, is described by Ray Berard of Interface Research Co. as an “environmentally benign” product. As carpet Hemp is far superior to currently used carpet materials.

Earth Pulp & Paper John R. Stahl P. O. Box 64 707 925-6494 Leggett, CA 95585 fax: 707 925-6472 www.tree.org/epp.htm tree@tree.org January 7, 1999 Private Offering for investment in the development of the The New World Pulper is a new, highly integrated and efficient design to make pulp for papermaking from a wide variety of source materials, including especially the non-wood fibers such as hemp.

Ted Williams, on Industrial Hemp In the US for Audubon Magazine, November 1999.

January 2000, Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman on Industrial Hemp In the US

Pubdate: Thur, 21 Jan 1999 Source: Battle Creek Enquirer (MI) Contact: enquirer@cereal-city.com Fax: 616-964-0299 Author: Mike Dooley - DEA HAS NO RIGHT TO DESTROY OTHERS' HEMP The Drug Enforcement Agency recently burned a hemp plantation owned by Canadians in Nicaragua. The hemp was to be used for fiberboard to help rebuild cities after Hurricane Mitch. The oil was to be sent to U.S. health-food stores and the cosmetics industry.

Fri, 03 Sep 1999 - Lucrative European Union subsidies hemp: farmers are being offered subsidies to give their land over to hemp. In a cooperative effort with Brussels and the Home Office, hemp is to be grown in British fields.

Pubdate: Sat, 31 Mar 2001 Source: Financial Times (UK) HEMP SHOWS OFF ALL ITS UPRIGHT QUALITIES: Hemp Building Materials, Insulation, Walls, & Flooring.

Pubdate: Fri, 27 Apr 2001 Source: Philadelphia Daily News (PA) - HEMP MAKES THE LIST OF ATF'S BUREAU'S BANNED BUZZWORDS - The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms may be loose on language, but it's getting tough on drugs.